Practical guide · 18 July 2026

Dual or school-based Ausbildung: what changes in practice?

Understand how workplace training, vocational school, pay and applications differ between dual and school-based vocational routes in Germany.

Apprentices learning a practical trade in a workshop

The word Ausbildung can refer to routes with different weekly routines, finances and application processes. Before comparing occupations, identify how training for that occupation is organised.

The dual route

In dual vocational training, an apprentice has a training contract with an employer and attends vocational school. Practice and classroom teaching alternate during the week or in blocks. The employer pays training remuneration, and the competent chamber commonly oversees important parts of the training and examination framework.

Applications are usually made to employers. This means a formally possible occupation may still be difficult in a particular region when few companies train in it.

School-based training

Some occupations, especially in health, social and technical fields, are taught mainly through a vocational school with practical placements. Admission is handled by the school or training provider. Fees, remuneration and funding arrangements depend on the occupation and provider; old generalisations are unreliable.

Questions worth checking

Ask who issues the contract, where practical placements happen, whether remuneration is paid, which school qualification is required, and who conducts the final examination. Use the official occupation profile and then confirm details with the named employer or school.

The route affects more than the classroom. It changes whom you apply to, how income works during training, and how early you need to search.